Text Box: Phonemic Awareness Phonemic awareness is the ability to hear, identify, and manipulate individual sounds in spoken words. Phonics Phonics instruction focuses on teaching the relationship between sounds and letters.  It includes… ·          Helping students use the relationship between sounds and letters to read and write words. ·          Blending, segmenting, and manipulating tasks as students practice taught letter-sound correspondences in their reading and spelling. ·          Letter recognition activities as needed. Fluency Reading fluency is the ability to read text easily, quickly, and with expression.  It includes… ·          Accurate and automatic word recognition ·          Grouping words into meaningful phrases ·          Expressive oral reading ·          Comprehension (actively building and self        regulating meaning) Vocabulary Vocabulary refers to the words we know.  Vocabulary can be sorted into four categories: 1.        Listening vocabulary– words we recognize and    understand in spoken language 2.         Speaking vocabulary– words we use in our speech 3.        Reading vocabulary– words we recognize and      understand in written text 4.        Writing vocabulary– words we use in our writing Comprehension Comprehension is an active and purposeful process that leads to understanding and remembering what was read. Comprehension strategies are specific actions that readers use as they attempt to make sense of text. ·          Predicting                   ·          Questioning ·          Visualizing ·          Making Inferences ·          Summarizing ·          Using Prior Knowledge/Schema